Abstract: Several cellular and molecular therapies such as stem cell therapy, cell replacement therapy, gene modification therapy and tolerance induction therapy have been researched to procure a permanent cure for Type 1 Diabetes. However, due to the induction of undesirable side effects, their clinical utility is questionable. These anti-diabetic therapies can be modified with nanotechnological tools for reducing adverse effects by selectively targeting genes and/or receptors involved directly or indirectly in diabetes pathogenesis such as the glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor, epidermal growth factor receptor, human leukocyte antigen [HLA] gene, miRNA gene and hepatocyte growth factor [HGF] gene. This paper will review the utilities of nanotechnology in stem cell therapy, cell replacement therapy, beta-cell proliferation strategies, immune tolerance induction strategies and gene therapy for type 1 diabetes management.
Journal: Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology
Keywords: Autoimmunity; Immunotherapy; Nanocarriers; Stem cell; Tolerance; Type 1 diabetes
![[Review Paper] Nanobiotechnology-Modified Cellular and Molecular Therapy as a Novel Approach for Autoimmune Diabetes Management](https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg9bT7e32NlrACHdc9x6NbfeGRXDeXErgX87JzQqX2b3enI1JRAGEVKF_gE_9KKHTUIGmD0kzWUmnNTfplz75G988Gs9Uq9b0SUN0Im7QWS0DB2xTtO5VCYDXFlejs0-v6qUiaiU51DeV_jsN051whXmCk64oMYV7Pld35dRoEGOkKjSVEwBOKtclPXaw/s72-c/pnt.jpeg)
Journal: Current Diabetes Review
Keywords: Umbilical cord blood stem cells; glucose homeostasis; gynecological waste; immunogenicity; plasticity; type 1 diabetes mellitus.
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![[Review Paper] Managing Type 1 Diabetes from Gynecological Waste: Trash to Treasure](https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi4xKCvXRMWUDp5WNLctS0-aOk4ZXSd-J2OW0INtD3auUt7yRdOHUcMC5N5ruOHvqhwp0zLqdq1acFaLZg2AsS51Izp7-4XesER8I82PiqsrFPy_onTiT8Wrs0VilbopA477n4Lq-IevZ_fHIJFqLYfzDMEo6SWNEXQU8oKUgHqHNt3o_FhpfH1NhZi7g/s72-w494-c-h640/Current%20Diabetes%20Reviews.jpg)
Abstract: Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM), an autoimmune disease, involves destruction of pancreatic β cells. β cells maintains glucose homeostasis by identifying blood glucose and accordingly releasing insulin in order to maintain normal physiologic glucose levels. Human umbilical cord blood (hUCB) cells posture a lesser risk of viral contamination as there is low placental transmission during prenatal life. Additionally, they have advantages such as non-invasive harvest procedure gynecological waste, low immunogenicity, easy expansion in-vitro, and easy ethical access as compared to deriving stem cells from other sources. According to the published preclinical data infusion of autologous cord blood cells is considered to be safe as they are non-antigenic. Depending on the degree of differentiation, the ability to regenerate themselves, and the origin of many stem cell types can be differentiated. The application of stem cells (SCs) embraces great potential for the management of T1DM due to their regenerative capabilities and their promising immunological characteristics. Due to lesser ethical complications and easy procedures of isolation, hUCB has become a precious medical intervention.
Journal: Current Diabetes Review
Keywords: Umbilical cord blood stem cells; glucose homeostasis; gynecological waste; immunogenicity; plasticity; type 1 diabetes mellitus.
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![[Review Paper] Managing Type 1 Diabetes from Gynecological Waste: Trash to Treasure](https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEglZoXyvQDNY3Zjr5mq-FEy_coo4bH_ZSy6SCMYrReDKHB0liIJW53ui-GmvZahi6n7X9fit-LWuAqp9eDNXd0q_FKDkC1ZMp_S-TyvIW4vpN2INe3_TaY_RrFGWWxedQKjYuf_m39pWwkps-PlD1_WEdxB55Nqen4sanjNj3dkX9X2Mr_KsVw8mgcJqg/s72-w494-c-h640/Current%20Diabetes%20Reviews.jpg)
Keywords: Type 1 diabetes mellitus, Prevention, Perspective, Survey
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Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has stimulated health concerns globally, especially in diabetes where it has been accompanied by severe outcomes.
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chief worry; though, there are a considerable population of patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) also, that too with incomparable concerns during the current COVID-19 pandemic. Some children experience significant complications related to this disease and paediatric deaths have also been reported.
This article describes some key points related to the complications and management of concomitant T1DM and COVID-19.
Source: Dr. D. Y. Patil Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Research Blog
Keywords: Blood Glucose, Diabetes, COVID-19, Insulin
Abstract: The incidence of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM), an autoimmune disorder, has ascended considerably with around 98,200 and 15,900 incidents in children below 15 years of age, globally and in India, respectively. This is typically due to environmental changes leading to genetic modifications. Also, T1DM encompasses the presence of autoantigens and many other etiologies which can be targeted by proper immunization. In this paper, we consciously discuss and collate various candidate triggers of islet autoimmunity and other factors expected to promote the progression of T1DM. This paper bridges all the mechanisms caused by these factors and links them with each other. We have also highlighted the novel coronavirus as a trigger for T1DM. Finally, we suggest that an amalgamated model of polyvaccine can batter the condition by inducing protection against various triggers of T1DM.
Journal: Clinical and Experimental Vaccine Research
Keywords: Type 1 diabetes mellitus; Viruses; Coronavirus; Cow's milk; Hybrid insulin peptides; Vaccines
![[Review Paper] Polyvaccine - Joining The Links In The Cascade Of Type 1 Diabetes](https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-C2HVdP1mXuI/YDX2cuK89kI/AAAAAAAAE-0/RF6qGEyZt0EjfU_kU6uu6TMdGBuF8fvZACLcBGAsYHQ/s72-c/Polyvaccine%2B-%2BJoining%2BThe%2BLinks%2BIn%2BThe%2BCascade%2BOf%2BType%2B1%2BDiabetes.png)
Abstract: Diabetes mellitus is the 7th leading cause of death worldwide. Diabetes can affect the organ systems and lead to a serious complication, majorly categorized as macrovascular complications, microvascular complications, and diabetic wound. Foot ulcer develops in 15-25% diabetic patient. In diabetic wound, there is impairment in growth factor, neuropeptide, matrix metalloproteinases, angiogenesis, immune system. Many approaches are being experimented to manage this major complication of the diabetic foot, but unfortunately with lesser success rate. A stem cell is an upcoming field which is being explored in the world of diabetes. Hence, this review is designed to understand the basic pathogenesis and complications of types of diabetes and the role of stem cells in the diabetic wound and the benefits related to it.
Journal: Current Diabetes Reviews
Keywords: Angiogenesis; Diabetes mellitus; Diabetic complications; Foot ulcer; Stem cells
![[Review Paper] Stem Cells - A Golden Therapy for Diabetic Wound](https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-yZImPbN0fw8/YCqgr3UfpvI/AAAAAAAAE70/1AwLs7vOrs80xxygaKdl99yzN14nQjA4QCLcBGAsYHQ/s72-c/STEM%2BCELLS%2B-%2BA%2BGOLDEN%2BTHERAPY%2BFOR%2BDIABETIC%2BWOUND.jpg)
![[Review Paper] Antibiotics - A Boon Or Tragedy For Type 1 Diabetes?](https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-w2tGTjx0XMo/YCqhCEI5LUI/AAAAAAAAE78/fF5TkigFQKg_-DolkiJkja7AryZkPNcaACLcBGAsYHQ/s72-c/ANTIBIOTICS%2B-%2BA%2BBOON%2BOR%2BTRAGEDY%2BFOR%2BTYPE%2B1%2BDIABETES.png)
![[Review Paper] Wound With Diabetes - Present Scenario And Future](https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-2uDNLooXG5c/YCqhwSvDpbI/AAAAAAAAE8E/7yEccZeEFKApMFAlMC6h7798mmAmFUIfACLcBGAsYHQ/s72-c/WOUND%2BWITH%2BDIABETES%2B-%2BPRESENT%2BSCENARIO%2BAND%2BFUTURE.jpg)

![[Review Paper] Treat Liver To Beat Diabetes](https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-3rk6JOz0iZQ/YCqiIfj7bII/AAAAAAAAE8M/cnDIMOiAI-IfBb-xgTCFoVeRsYyv6-69wCLcBGAsYHQ/s72-c/TREAT%2BLIVER%2BTO%2BBEAT%2BDIABETES.jpg)
Abstract: Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is an autoimmune disease that leads to the destruction of pancreatic β-cells, thereby causing insufficient insulin production. Globally, around 98, 200 children and adolescents below 15 years of age and almost 128,900 subjects below 20 years of age develop T1DM annually, along with severe complications deteriorating their quality of life. In India alone, around 15,900 incident cases below 15 years have been reported annually. Hence, its prevention and reversal are significant. Unlike other chronic diseases, T1DM involves the presence of various autoantigens which can be targeted by proper immunisation. The development of reliable immuno-regulatory surrogate markers would be of great benefit. Vaccines can be one of such strategies in the journey to prevent T1DM. It would not only benefit greatly to reduce the sufferings caused due to diabetic complications but could also help to reverse T1DM, by modulating the immunological autoantigenic reactions and preventing further degradation of pancreatic β-cells. This review collates a wide range of information related to the vaccine studies conducted in animal and human models to prevent and reverse T1DM.
![[Review Paper] Vaccines For Type 1 Diabetes: Prevention Or Reversal?](https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-5jJkfE5X_FA/YCqioeg9UdI/AAAAAAAAE8U/-eNqp7BGAdMR3-o8khMGOzXYxfQJtJr7QCLcBGAsYHQ/s72-c/VACCINES%2BFOR%2BTYPE%2B1%2BDIABETES%2B-%2BPREVENTION%2BOR%2BREVERSAL.jpg)
Keywords: Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus; Etiology; Autoantibodies; Extracellular matrix; Coxsackievirus B virus
![[Review Paper] A Peripheral Concept On Aetiology Of Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus](https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-ubZrSdNegm4/YCqjBWpDiCI/AAAAAAAAE8c/vAH2OHFLqaIU8YDVO24McvbFTVdpOArKgCLcBGAsYHQ/s72-c/A%2BPERIPHERAL%2BCONCEPT%2BON%2BAETIOLOGY%2BOF%2BTYPE%2B1%2BDIABETES%2BMELLITUS.png)
Keywords: Type 1 diabetes mellitus; coxsackievirus B virus; etiology; pathogenesis; prevention
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![[Review Paper] Mapping Of Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus](https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-ShSK4maculU/YCqjwUwgg7I/AAAAAAAAE8o/K-bCPivf0cASOxd8aFmW2RutiiQSW4CnACLcBGAsYHQ/s72-c/MAPPING%2BOF%2BTYPE%2B1%2BDIABETES%2BMELLITUS.jpg)